How internet works

The Internet is a vast network of linked computers and other gadgets that communicate with one another by following a set of standardized protocols.

1. Client-Server Model: The internet uses a client-server architecture, in which client devices—such as computers, smartphones, and tablets—request information or services from servers. Servers are connected to the Internet directly but clients are connected to ISP ( Internet Service Provider).

2. IP Addresses: Each internet-connected device is given a special identification number known as an IP (Internet Protocol) address. Data packets are routed between networked devices using IP addresses.

3. Routing: Data is split into smaller packets before being sent over the internet. Based on the destination IP address, these packets are then routed through various hardware, including routers and switches. Until the packet reaches its destination, each device checks the packet's destination address before forwarding it to the next suitable device.

4. Protocols: The internet depends on a number of protocols to ensure dependable communication. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), DNS (Domain Name System), and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) are a few examples of frequently used protocols.

5. Domain Name System (DNS): The DNS converts the human-readable domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address when you type a website URL into your browser. Your device can now find the proper server that is hosting the website thanks to this.

6. HTTP and HTTPS: When you access a website, your browser sends and receives web pages from the server via the HTTP or HTTPS protocol. The HTTPS protocol provides encryption for secure communication, which is frequently used for sensitive information like online transactions. HTTP is the standard protocol for transferring web pages.

7. Data Transmission: Data is sent through a variety of connections, including wireless networks like Wi-Fi and cellular networks as well as physical connections like Ethernet cables and fiber optics. Data packets can be sent between devices thanks to these connections.

8. Internet Service Providers (ISPs): ISPs are businesses that give people and businesses access to the Internet. Through a variety of technologies, including DSL, cable, fiber optics, or wireless networks, they link people to the internet.

9. Internet Backbone: The key routers and data centers that are interconnected by high-capacity network connections make up the Internet backbone. Data may move across great distances via these backbone links, connecting various networks.

10. Security: To preserve data and guarantee privacy, the internet has several security measures in place. Secure sockets layer (SSL) certificates, firewalls, encryption protocols, and other security tools aid in securing sensitive data and preventing unauthorized access.

This is a condensed explanation of how the Internet functions. The Internet is a huge and intricate network of technologies, infrastructure, and protocols that enable communication and information exchange on a worldwide scale.